b. 1857 Edward Elgar amateur
chemist-composer.June
1
? The paper ?Electric Moments of Molecules in
Liquids? by Lars Onsager, published in the Journal of the American Chemical
Society (1936: 58, 1486-1493), was received on this day, 1936.
2
b. 1857 Edward Elgar amateur
chemist-composer.
3
b. 1873 Otto Loewi, researcher
on chemical transmission of nerve cells; Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
(1936) with Henry H. Dale for their discoveries relating to chemical
transmission of nerve impulses.
? Robert B.
Woodwood synthesized chlorophyll in 1960.
4
b. 1877
Heinrich O. Wieland, researcher in organic chemistry & biochemistry;
Nobel Prize (1927) for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids
and related substances.
? Henri
Moissan isolated fluorine by electrolysis of solution of KHF2 in
anhydrous HF, 1886.
5
b. 1760
Johan Gadolin discovered yttrium (Y, 39) 1794.
6
b. 1918 Edwin G. Krebs, Nobel Prize
(1992) with Edmond H. Fischer for their discoveries concerning reversible
protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism.
b. 1943 Richard E. Smalley, research in
supersonic beam laser spectroscopy; discovered fullerenes; Nobel Prize (1996)
with Robert F. Curl and Harold W. Kroto for their discovery of fullerenes.
7
b. 1811 James Y. Simpson, an obstetrician who was first to use chloroform as an
anesthetic and introduced the
use of ether in Great Britain.
b. 1896 Robert Sanderson Milliken researcher in molecular orbital and electronic structure of molecules;
Nobel Prize (1966) for
his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of
molecules by the molecular orbital method*.
8
b. 1916 Francis H. C. Crick determined
structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA); Nobel Prize in Medicine (1962) with
James D. Watson & Maurice H. F. Wilkins for their discoveries concerning
the molecular structure of nuclear acids and its significance for information
transfer in living material.
b. 1918 John
D. Roberts, research on molecular orbital calculations and the
application of nuclear magnetic resonance to organic chemistry.
? Edwin M.
McMillan & Philip Abelson announced discovery of neptunium (Np, 93), 1940.
9
b. 1862 Herbert B. Baker, researcher
on effect of water on chemical change; authority on desiccating gases &
poison gases.
10
b. 1848
Johann C. W. F. Tiemann, elucidated the structure of the interrelated
terpenes, Reimer-Tiemann reaction (1876) and the Tiemann rearrangement of amide
oxides (1891).
11
b. 1842 Karl von Linde constructed equipment
by which air could be liquefied on commercial scale, 1895.
b. 1885 Frederick G. Keyes, researcher
on thermodynamic properties of matter, kinetic theory, & application of
thermodynamics to equilibria.
12
b. 1900
Wallace R. Brode, authority on chemical spectroscopy, president of ACS.
b. 1899 Fritz A. Lipmann discovered
coenzyme A & central role of ATP in metabolism; Nobel Prize in Medicine
(1953) for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary
metabolism.
13
b. 1827 Charles
A. Goessmann made an analysis of peanuts,
research in chemistry of sorghum
and sugar beets; president of
ACS.
b. 1831
James Clerk Maxwell, researcher in electromagnetic theory (Maxwell's
equations), thermodynamics (Maxwell relations), and kinetic theory of gases
(Maxwell velocity distribution); devised the "Maxwell's demon?.
b. 1923 Lloyd Conover, invented tetracycline;
US patent 2,699,054.
14
b. 1868 Karl Landsteiner, discovered the human blood groups; Nobel Prize in
Physiology or Medicine (1930).
? The paper
?Hard and Soft Acids and Bases? by Ralph G. Pearson, which was published in the
Journal of American Chemical Society (1965, 83, 3533), was
received on this date, 1965.
15
b. 1754 Juan
José D?Elhuyar, discoverer of tungsten (W, 74) from wolframite
ore (1783). Died 20 Sep 1796
b. 1755 Antoine François de Fourcroy, chemical nomenclature with Lavoisier and Berthollet; described
salts such as calcium chloride.
b. 1879 Samuel C. Lind, researcher
in radioactivity & photochemistry; invented an electroscope for radium
measurements (Lind Electroscope); discovered the ionization theory of the
chemical effects of radium rays.
b. 1906 Byron Riegel, researcher
on oral contraceptives.
? Auer von
Welsbach announced separation of didymium into Nd & Pr, 1885.
? Patent No.
3,633 on vulcanized rubber awarded to Charles Goodyear as ?improvement in
India-rubber fabrics?, 1844.
16
b. 1880 Otto Eisenschiml, devised means to determine whether vegetable oils contaminated with
fish oils; American Civil War historian.
b. 1897 Georg Wittig, researcher in conversion of C=O to C=C (Wittig reaction); Nobel Prize (1979) with Herbert C. Brown
for their development of the use of boron-
and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in
organic synthesis.
? Henry E.
Roscoe announced isolation of metallic vanadium, 1869.
17
b. 1832 William Crookes, discovered
thallium (Tl, 81), 1861; separated uranium into two parts, naming the new one,
uranium‑X.
b. 1860 William Perkin, Jr., synthesized
terpenes and alkaloids.
18
b. 1870 Charles Baskerville developed
processes for refining & hydrogenation of oils, plastic compositions, &
reinforced lead; researcher in anesthetic chemistry.
b. 1906 Edward D. Hughes, researcher
in physical organic chemistry.
b. 1918 Jerome Karle developed
methods for determination of crystal structures with x-rays; Nobel Prize (1985)
with Herbert A. Hauptman for their outstanding achievements in the development
of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures.
b. 1932 Dudley R. Herschbach developed molecular beams to study products of collisions that occur; Nobel Prize (1986) with Yuan T. Lee & John C. Polanyi
for their contributions concerning the
dynamics of chemical elementary processes.
b. 1906 Maria Goeppert Mayer developed the
shell model of the nucleus; research in isotopes effect; Nobel Prize Physics
(1963) with J. H. D. Jensen for discoveries
concerning nuclear shell structure.
19
b. 1868 Karl Landsteiner discovered
the human blood groups; Nobel Prize in Medicine (1930) for his
discovery of human blood groups.
b. 1897 Cyril N. Hinshelwood, researcher
in chemical kinetics; Nobel Prize (1956) with Nikolai N. Semenov, for their researches into the
mechanism of chemical reactions.
b. 1910 Paul J. Flory researcher in
physical chemistry of macromolecules; Nobel Prize (1974) for his
fundamental achievements, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical
chemistry of the macromolecules.
20
b. 1931 Mary L. Good, researcher
in inorganic chemistry, industrial chemist, president of ACS.
? W. R. Grace
& Co. incorporated, 1899.
? L. B. Magnusson and T. J. La Chappelle isolated first microscopic quantity of compound of neptunium (Np, 93) at wartime Metallurgical Laboratory at University of Chicago, 1944.
21
? Lockheed
incorporated, 1932.
22
b. 1892 Howell N. Furman, researcher
on analytical separation of uranium.
b. 1903
Harry Julius Emeléus, researcher in inorganic chemistry and fluorine
chemistry.
23
b. 1775 Etienne-Louis Malus discovered the polarization of light, 1809: developed theory of double
refraction of light in crystals, 1810.
24
b. 1835 Johannes Wislicenus proposed
geometric isomers; synthesized acetoacetic esters.
b. 1842 Karl von Linde constructed
equipment by which air could be liquefied on commercial scale, 1895.
25
b. 1812 Hermann von Fehling discovered
Fehling's solution as oxidizing agent & as analytical reagent for aldehydes
& sugars, composition of paraldehyde & metaldehyde; prepared phenyl
cyanide.
b. 1864 Walther H. Nernst, elucidated
the theory of galvanic cells, 1889; derived equations by which solids
precipitate from saturated solutions, 1889; discovered the 3rd Law of
Thermodynamics, 1906; developed an atomic chain reaction theory, 1918;
developed improved electric lamp (Nernst lamp); Nernst glower for ir; electric
piano (which did not gain acceptance of musicians); Nobel Prize (1920) in
Chemistry in recognition of his work in thermochemistry.
b. 1911 William H. Stein, researcher
in enzyme chemistry; Nobel Prize (1972) with Stanford Moore for their contribution to the
understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic
activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule & Christian B. Anfinsen
for his work on ribonuclease, especially concerning
the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active
conformation.
? Syntex
Corporation incorporated, 1957.
26
b. 1694 Georg Brandt, discovered cobalt (Co, 27), 1735; one of the first chemists to abandon
alchemy as a science.
b. 1756 Jean A. C. Chaptal introduced
the name 'nitrogen'; studied viticulture & dyeing.
b. 1824 Lord Kelvin (William Thompson) established
theory & practice of thermodynamics, defined the scale of absolute
temperature (Kelvin).
? Wilhelm
Ostwald converted ammonia to nitric acid using platinum catalyst, 1907.
27
b. 1909 Arthur Clay Cope, researcher
in synthetic organic chemistry including medium-sized ring compounds. *
? Abraham Gesner patented process for
obtaining kerosene by distillation, 1854.
28
b. 1873 Alexis Carrel, Nobel Prize in Medicine (1912),
suturing blood vessels in organ transplants; Nobel Prize in Medicine (1912), in recognition of his work on vascular
suture and the transplantation of blood-vessels and organs.
b. 1927 F. Sherwood Rowland researcher in
atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition
of ozone: Nobel Prize (1995) with Paul J. Crutzen and Mario J. Molina for their work in
atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition
of ozone.
29
b. 1787 Nils G. Sefstrom one of the discoverers of
vanadium (V, 23), 1830.
b. 1833 Peter
Waage, formulated Law of Mass Action
30
b.
1926 Paul Berg, researcher in recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA);
Nobel Prize (1980) for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic
acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA with Walter Gilbert &
Frederick Sanger for their contributions concerning the determination of base
sequences in nucleic acids.