Allen Harris discovered the
long sought element 61, which they named "illinium." (now known as
technetium).September
1
b. 1873 B. Smith Hopkins, researcher on rare earths;With Leonard Yntema and J. Allen Harris discovered the
long sought element 61, which they named "illinium." (now known as
technetium).
b. 1877 Francis W. Aston introduced the mass spectrograph, 1919; measured
mass of 
several
isotopes to accuracy of 1/1000; Nobel Prize (1922) for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes, in a
large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his enunciation of the
whole-number rule
? Rohm & Hass Co. founded 1909.
2
b. 1853 Wilhelm Ostwald, researcher on affinity, mass action, theories of
solutions, & 
conductivity (Ostwald's Law of dilution & conductivity); Nobel Prize
(1909) in recognition of his work on catalysis and for his investigations into
the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction.
b. 1877 Frederick Soddy, researcher in radioactivity & isotopes;
displacement law of 
radioactive change; Nobel Prize (1921) in recognition of his work on
catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing
chemical equilibria and rates of reaction.
3
b. 1869 Fritz Pregl, researcher in microchemical analysies; Nobel
Prize in Chemistry (1923) for 
his invention
of the method of micro‑analysis of organic substances.
b. 1938 Ryoh Noyori, research in asymmetric hydrogenation; Nobel Prize (2001) with William S. 
Knowles for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation
reactions and K. Barry Sharpless for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation
reactions.
4
b. 1913 Stanford Moore Nobel
Prize in Chemistry (1972) with William H. Stein for
their 
contribution
to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic
activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule and Christian B. Anfinsen for
his work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the
amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation.
5
? Jacobus H. van't Hoff
completes famous 11 page treatise on the tetrahedral carbon atom, marking the
birth of stereochemistry, 1869.
? Coca Cola Co.
incorporated, 1892.
6
b. 1766
John Dalton proposed atomic theory;
discovered law of multiple proportions, 'Dalton's law of partial pressures', 1801; discovered that pressures of
saturated vapors of all liquids have the same value at their boiling point.
b. 1870 Frederick
G. Donnan, researcher in
theory of membrane equilibria (Donnan 
Equilibrium);
research in chemical kinetics.
b. 1876 John J. R. Macleod discovered insulin with Frederick G. Banting & 
Charles H. Best; Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1923) with
Frederick G. Banting for the discovery of
insulin.
b. 1906 Luis J. Leloir isolated glucose 1,6-diphodphate and uridine
diphosphate glucose; 
synthesized trehalose with E. Cabib (1953) and
sucrose with C. Cardini and J. Chiriboga (1955); isolated uridine diphosphate
acetylglucosamine and guanosine diphosphate mannose; Nobel
Prize in Chemistry (1970) for discovery of these sugar nucleotides and
study of their role in biosynthesis of carbohydrates.
http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1970/leloir-bio.html
7
b. 1828 Alexandre M. Butlerov, researcher on the structural theory of organic
chemistry; first 
used term chemical structure; synthesized polymer of
formaldehyde.
b. 1829 F. August Kekulé conceived the ring structure of benzene, 1865;
described the 
quadrivalence of carbon & structural theory of
organic chemistry, 1858; synthesized acetylene, 1864.
b. 1854 Paul Vielle, invented smokeless powder, Poudre B, from
gelatinized nitrocellulose 
mixed with alcohol and
ether.
b. 1917 John W. Cornforth, researcher on stereochemistry of enzyme catalyzed
reactions; 
Nobel Prize
(1975) for his work on the
stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions and for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules
and reactions.
8
b. 1848 Viktor Meyer discovered thiophene, oximes, & vapor density
method.
b. 1918 Derek H. R. Barton researcher in conformational analysis and free
radical reactions; 
Nobel Prize (1969) with for their contributions to the development of the concept of
conformation and its application in chemistry.
? First "Star
Trek" telecast, 1966.
9
b. 1737 Luigi Galvani, discovered that muscle and nerve cells produce
electricity;
twitching frog.
b. 1858 Carl Auer von Welsbach,
researcher on rare earths; invented incandescent mantle 
(Welsbach Mantle or Auerlicht); discovered neodymium
(Nd, 60), 1885, praseodymium (Pr, 59), 1885, & lutetium, with Georges
Urbain (Lu, 71), 1907.
b. 1877 Aleksandr E. Arbuzov studied organophosphorous compounds &
rearrangement of 
phosphite
esters (Michaelis-Arbuzov reaction).
? Discovery of Konel, a
cobalt‑nickel alloy, announced by Westinghouse Laboratories, 1929.
? Albert Ghiorso and Glenn
T. Seaborg announced the discovery of element 106 at the University of
California, Berkeley, 1974.
10
b. 1775 John Kidd discovered naphthalene in coal tar with Garden, 1819.
b. 1797 Carl G. Mosander discovered lanthanum (La, 57) 1839, erbium (Er, 68)
1843, terbium 
(Tb, 65) 1843, & didymium, 1842, later found to
be mixture of Nd & Pr.
b. 1892 Arthur H. Compton, researcher in cosmic & x‑rays; Nobel
Prize (1927) for for his 
discovery of the effect named after him; discovered
electromagnetic radiation behaves like a stream of particles, with C. T. R.
Wilson (Wilson cloud chamber).
? Weighing of a pure
compound of synthetic element (Pu, 94) by B. B. Cunningham & L. B. Werner
at wartime Metallurgical Laboratory, University of Chicago, 1942.
? Gillette founded as
Gillette Safety Razor Co., 1917.
11
b. 1894 Carl S. Marvel, researcher in organic chemistry & polymer
synthesis; investigated the 
structure of
vinyl polymers prepared from polyvinylchloride proving the polymers formed with
chlorine atoms on alternate carbon atoms (head-to-tail); President of ACS,
1945.
12
b. 1897
Irčne Joliot‑Curie, produced
artificial radioisotopes, 1933; Nobel Prize (1935) with husband, Fredéric Joliot‑Curie in recognition of their synthesis of new
radioactive elements. *
13
b. 1886
Robert Robinson, researcher in plant
pigments, alkaloids & phenanthrene
derivatives; the Nobel
Prize in Chemistry (1947) for his
investigations on plant products of biological importance, especially the
alkaloids.
b. 1887 Leopold W. G. Ruzicka, researcher on cyclic polymethylenes, terpenes,
& synthesis 
of sex
hormones; Nobel Prize (1939) for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes
with Adolf Butenandt for his work on sex hormones.
? Polaroid Corporation
incorporated, 1937.
? B. B. Cunningham and L. B.
Werner isolated first microscopic amount of compound of americium (Am, 95) at
wartime Metallurgical Laboratory, University of Chicago, 1945.
14
b. 1698 Charles F. de Cisternay DuFay discovered + & ‑ electricity &
repulsion between like charges and named them "vitreous" and "resinous;
research in phosphorescence & double refraction.
b. 1936 Ferid
Murad, researcher in role of NO and
cyclic GMP; shared Nobel Prize in Medicine 
in 1998 for their discoveries concerning
nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system with .
15
? Michael B. McElroy &
Thomas M. Donahue presented a detailed chemical dynamic model for a moist
Martian atmosphere, 1972.
? AMP incorporated as
Aircraft Marine Products, 1941.
16
b. 1853 Albrecht Kossel, researcher in chemistry of cells & proteins;
Nobel Prize in Physiology 
or Medicine
(1910) in recognition of the contributions
to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins, including
the nucleic substances.
b. 1893 Albert Szent‑Györgyi isolated ascorbic acid (Vitamin C); researcher on
bioenergetics, carbohydrate 
metabolism & cellular oxidation; Nobel Prize in
Physiology or Medicine Nobel
Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1937) for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion
processes, with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric
acid.
? Great Lakes Chemical Co.
incorporated, 1970
17
b. 1677 Stephen Hales, studied the role of
air and water in the maintenance of both plant and 
animal life; developed pneumatic
trough; discovered ?air? released in decomposition of plant and animal
substances.
? Peter Cooper Hewitt
obtained patent for mercury vapor lamp, 1901.
18
b. 1907 Edwin M. McMillan made discoveries in the chemistry of the
transuranium elements; 
; codiscovered neptunium (Np, 93) with P. H. Abelson,
1940, & plutonium (Pu, 94), with Glenn T. Seaborg, J. W. Kennedy, &
A.C. Wahl, 1940; Nobel Prize (1951) with Glenn T. Seaborg for their discoveries
in the chemistry of the transuranium elements.
19
? Alexandre M. Butlerov
presented first definition & use of term, chemical structure, before Speyer
Congress, 1861.
20
b. 1842 James Dewar, first to liquefy hydrogen, 1899; invented vacuum flask (Dewar flask),
1892; showed many common substances phosphoresce at liquid air temperature;
discovered cordite with Frederick A. Abel.
21
b. 1832 Louis P. Cailletet, researcher on liquefaction of gases, hydrogen,
nitrogen, oxygen, & air.
22
b. 1791 Michael Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction & specific
inductive capacity; 
Faraday's Laws on electrolysis; discovered rotation
of plane polarized light in a magnetic field; liquefied chlorine & other
gases.
? First liquid chlorine
shipped in US by Electro‑Bleaching Gas Co., Niagara Falls, NY, 1909.
23
b. 1915 John Sheehan synthesized penicillin‑V, 1957.
b.
1915 Clifford Shull, researcher in using neutrons to study atomic
structure of materials; Nobel 
Prize in Physics (1994) for the development of the
neutron diffraction technique.
24
b. 1874 Alexander Findlay, authority on phase rule.
b. 1895 Andre F. Courmand, first clinical cardiac catherization; Nobel Prize
in Physiology or 
Medicine
(1956) with Werner Forssmann and Dickenson W. Richards for their discoveries
concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory
system.
b.
1898 Howard Walter Florey, research on lysozyme and antibiotics; Nobel Prize in
Physiology or Medicine (1945) with for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect
in various infectious diseases.
b.
1905 Severo Ochoa, research with enzymatic processes in biological oxidation
and 
synthesis and the
transfer of energy; The Nobel Prize in
Physiology or Medicine (1959) with for
their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic
acid and deoxyribonucleic acid.
25
b. 1866 Thomas H. Morgan, one of the founders of modern genetics; Nobel Prize
in 
Physiology or
Medicine (1933) for his discoveries concerning the role played by the
chromosome in heredity.
? Charles Hatchett published
method for separating iron from manganese, 1813.
? Motorola incorporated as
Galvin Mfg. Corp., 1928.
26
b. 1754 Joseph-Louis Proust, articulated the Law of
Definite Proportions.
b. 1886
Archibald V. Hill, researcher on
oxygen consumption of muscular action; Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine (1922) for his discovery relating to
the production of heat in the muscle and Otto F. Warburg for his discovery of
the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of
lactic acid in the muscle.
? Henkel founded in 1876.
27
b. 1818 A. W. Herman Kolbe, first to use the word synthesis; synthesized acetic
acid, & 
salicylic
acid; proposed theory of radicals & suggested the existence of secondary
& tertiary alcohols.
? Announcement of discovery
of synthetic abrasive to replace diamond, 1934.
28
b. 1852 Henri Moissan discovered fluorine (F, 9), 1886; invented electric
furnace in which he in recognition of the great services rendered by him
in his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for the
adoption in the service of science of the electric furnace called after him.
prepared
metal carbides & silicon carbides; Nobel Prize (1906)
? Solvay Process Co.
incorporated 1881.
29
b. 1901 Enrico Fermi, researcher on neutron-induced nuclear reactions;
Nobel Prize in Physics 
(1938) for his demonstrations of the existence of new
radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related
discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons.
b. 1920 Peter D. Mitchell researcher on chemiosmotic reactions and reaction
systems; Nobel Prize (1978) 
for his contribution to the understanding of
biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory.
? Gencorp incorporated as
General Rubber Mfg., 1915.
30
b. 1802 Antoine J. Balard discovered bromine (Br, 35) 1826, in seawater,
hypochlorous acid, 
&
chlorine monoxide.
b. 1923 Morris Kates, Biochemist-Composer; research in lipids and lipids
of Archaebacteria.
b. 1939 Jean-Marie P. Lehn, researcher on 3-dimensional stacked-layer
polycyclic compounds; Nobel Prize 
(1987) with Donald J. Cram and Charles J. Pedersen for their development and use of molecules
with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity.
b. 1943 Johann Diesenhofer, researcher on 3-dimensional structure of proteins
related to 
photosynthesis; Nobel Prize (1988) with Robert Huber & Hartmut
Michel for the determination of the
three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre.
? L. B. Werner and I.
Perlman reported isolation of first microscopic amount of compound of curium
(Cm, 96) at University of California, Berkeley, 1947.