nitrogen; invented a maximum
& minimum thermometer.November
1
? Hooker Electro‑Chemical Company founded 1909.
? Union Carbide incorporated as Union Carbide &
Carbon Corp., 1917.
2
b. 1841 C. H. C. Willgerodt, researcher in the conversion
of internal ketones to terminal thioamides (Willgerodt reaction).
3
b. 1749 Daniel Rutherford discovered nitrogen (N, 7)
('noxious gas') 1772; first to distinguish between carbon dioxide & nitrogen; invented a maximum
& minimum thermometer.
b. 1854 Jokichi Takamine, isolated the hormone
adrenaline from natural sources.
? A. Schwerdt crystallized poliomyelitis virus at
University of California, 1955.
? American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists
founded 1921.
4
b. 1862 Charles L. Reese improved manufacture of dyes
& explosives.
b. 1903 Boris A. Arbuzov discovered formation of free
radicals of triarylmethane derivatives; investigated properties of terpenes
& phosphorous containing heterocyclics.
? Cornerstone of laboratory building named after
Frederick Havemeyer laid, 1896.
5
b.
1854 Paul Sabatier, researcher in catalysis in organic chemistry; discovered process for
hydrogenation of oils to solid fats with Senderens; Nobel Prize (1912) for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in
the presence of finely disintegrated metals whereby the progress of organic
chemistry has been greatly advanced in recent years with F. Victor Grignard for
the discovery of the so-called Grignard reagent, which in recent years has
greatly advanced the progress of organic chemistry.
b. 1891 Neil K. Adam, researcher on unimolecular surface films;
discovered existence of a two‑dimensional state of matter at water‑air
boundary.
6
b. 1857 William A. Noyes, first chief chemist of US
Bureau of Standards (now National Institute of Standards & Testing); editor
of Journal of the American Chemical Society (1902‑17).
b. 1886 Ian M. Heilbron synthesized naturally
occurring compounds, such as vitamins A & D.
7
b. 1867 Marja S. Curie (later Marie) discovered radium (Ra, 88) with Pierre
Curie, 1898; discovered polonium (Po, 84), 1898; 
Nobel Prize in Physics with husband Pierre in
recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint
researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel
shared with A. Henri Becquerel; Nobel Prize (1911) http://almaz.com/nobel/chemistry/1911b.html
in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery
of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study
of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element.
b. 1878 Lise Meitner explained nuclear fission; discovered protactinum
(Pa, 91) 1917.
b. 1888 Chandrasekhara V.
Raman discovered the Raman effect;
Nobel Prize (1930) in Physics for his work on
the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him.
b. 1851 Siegmund Gabriel, discovered method of
preparing amino acids from amines
(Gabriel Synthesis).
b. 1929 Eric Kandel discovered how efficiency of
synopses can be modified; molecular mechanism of memory; Nobel Prize in
Physiology or Medicine, (2000) with Arvid Carsson & Paul Greengard for their discoveries concerning signal transduction
in the nervous system.
8
b. 1711 Mikhail V. Lomonosov suggested the law of conservation
of mass & theory of heat as a form of motion; opposed phlogistic chemistry;
first to record the freezing of mercury (Hg, 80).
b. 1919 Herbert S. Gutowsky, research in chemical shifts,
spin-spin coupling, and chemical 
exchange in NMR (Nuclear Magnetic
Resonance); led to chemical structure determinations using NMR.
9
b. 1867 Vladimir N. Ipatieff, researcher in catalytic
chemistry of unsaturated hydrocarbons.
b. 1897 Ronald G. W. Norrish, researcher in extremely fast
chemical reactions; Nobel Prize (1967) with George Porter and Manfred Eigen for their studies of extremely fast chemical
reactions, effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses
of energy.
? Creation of three atoms of element 110 at GSI in
Darmstadt, Germany, 1994.
10
b. 1764 Andrés M. Del Rio discovered vanadium (V, 23)
1801, which he called erthronium, (Nils
G. Sefstrom often given credit, 1830).
? Johnson & Johnson incorporated, 1887.
11
? Glenn T. Seaborg announced discovery of americium (Am,
95) & curium (Cm, 96) on the Quiz Kids radio program, 1945.
? Discovery of cosmic rays announced, Madison,
Wisconsin, 1925.
12
b. 1842 Lord Rayleigh (John W. Strutt) discovered argon (Ar, 18) with
William Ramsay, 1894; Nobel Prize (1904) in Physics for 
his investigations of the densities
of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with
these studies.
? John Dalton announced the first example of the law of
multiple proportions, 1802.
? EG&G Idaho incorporated as Ederton, Gernhausen
& Grier, 1947.
13
b. 1867 Kristian Birkleland with Samuel Eyde received a patent for the first industrial fixation of nitrogen (1903).
b.
1893 Edward A. Doisy, researcher on sex hormones; isolated theelin (oestrone), 1929, &
vitamin K1, 1939; Nobel Prize in
Medicine (1943) for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K and
Henrik C. P. Dam for his
discovery of vitamin K.
14
b. 1807 Auguste Laurent discovered anthracene, 1832;
obtained phthalic acid from napthalene, 1836; showed that carbolic acid is
phenol, 
1841; constructed a
saccharimeter; evolved the nucleus theory of organic radicals (with Charles F.
Gerhardt); Laurent's acid.
b. 1863 Leo Baekeland invented Velox paper & plastic Bakelite,
patented in 1909; ?father of the plastic industry?.
15
d. 1193 St. Albertus Magnus discovered arsenic (As, 33)
1250; first to use affinity in the sense of chemical reactions.
? Humphry Davy announced the elementary nature of chlorine (Cl, 17) to
the Royal Society, 1810.
16
b. 1881 Joel H. Hildebrand, researcher in solubility; introduced helium (He,
2) into deep‑sea diving; lived to 101.
b. 16 Nov
1943 James W. Mitchell, With his
collaborators at Bell Labs, he pioneered the development of x-ray fluorescence 
methods for part per billion (ppb) trace element
determinations, innovated high accuracy activation analysis methods for
ultratrace analysis, designed the first laser intracavity spectrophotometer for
high accuracy practical determinations
of sub-ppb levels of trace impurities, and invented the cryogenic sublimation
technique for ultrapurification of liquid analytical reagents and chemicals for
fabricating optical waveguides.
17
b. 1850 George T. Beilby invented process for retorting
shale; synthesized alkaline cyanides & constructed first factory for its
synthesis.
18
b. 1918 Lawrence E. Glendenin co-discovered promethium (Pm,
61) 1945, with J. A. Marinsky & C. D. Coryell.
b. 1789 Louis J. M. Daguerre, photographic pioneer and
inventor of the daguerrotype.
b. 1906 George Wald, worked in field of chemistry of vision; Nobel
Prize in Medicine (1967) with Ragner Granit and Haldan 
Keffer for their discoveries
concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye.
19
b. 1887 James B. Sumner, researcher on enzymes &
proteins; crystallized urease & showed it to be a protein (1926); Nobel
Prize (1946) for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized, shared with John H. Northrop & Wendell M. Stanley.
20
b. 1602 Otto von Guericke, invented water barometer, air
pump, manometer, and sulfur
electrostatic machine; performed 
Magdeburg hemisphere
experiment.
b. 1873 William W. Coblentz, pioneer in infrared
spectroscopy; founded radiometry section of National Bureau of Standards & 
headed for 40 years.
b.
1886 Karl von Frisch, discovered how bees orient and communicate; Nobel Prize in Medicine
(1973) with Konrad Lorenz and Nikolaas Tinbergen for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of
individual and social behaviour patterns. Died 1982.
b. 1892 James B.
Collip, refined a method of removing
and purifying insulin with Frederick
Banting and Charles
Best
21
b. 1824 Hieronymus T. Richter co-discovered indium (In, 49)
with Ferdinand Reich, 1863.
22
? Dmitri I. Mendeleev stated that gallium (Ga, 31) is
identical to eka‑aluminum, 1875.
? The Manned Spacecraft Center, Houston, announced that
its scientists perfected a process to extract water & oxygen from moon
soil, 1970.
23
b. 1837 Johannes D. van der Waals formulated deviations from the
ideal gas law (Van der Waals' Equation); researcher on 
intermolecular attraction (Van
der Waals' Forces), electrolytic dissociation, & capillarity; Nobel Prize in Physics (1910) for his work on the
equation of state for gases and liquids.
b. 1887 Henry G. J. Moseley discovered that x-ray frequency
related to atomic number of elements, 1913; killed in World War I 
on August 10, 1915.
? Campbell Soup Co. incorporated, 1922.
24
? The Origin of Species by Charles Darwin was published
by Oxford University Press was published on this date in 1859.
25
b. 1814 Julius R. von Mayer discovered law of conservation
of energy.
? First atomic reactor for research & development
began operation at Richland, Washington, 1960.
26
b. 1817 C. Adolphe Wurtz discovered method of synthesis of hydrocarbons (Wurtz
Reaction), 
1855, methyl & ethylamines, 1849, phosphorous
oxychloride, 1846, & glycol, 1856.
b. 1837 John A. R.
Newlands, research in periodic laws
of element; devised the Law of Octaves.
b. 1898 Karl W. Ziegler; syntheses and reactions in the chemistry of
organoaluminium compounds; discovery of 
organometallic mixed catalysts for the polymerization
of olefins (e.g. the synthesis of high-density polyethylene); Nobel
Prize (1963) with Giulo Natta for their discoveries in the field of the
chemistry and technology of high polymers.
? Beckman Instruments, Inc.
incorporated, 1934.
? Charles Hatchett announced his discovery of columbium
(niobium) (Nb, 41) before Royal Society, 1801.
27
b. 1874 Chaim Weizmann discovered method for
synthesizing acetone, 1916; first President of Israel, 1948-1952.
b.
1903 Lars Onsager,
researcher in thermodynamics of irreversible reactions; Nobel Prize (1968) for the discovery of the
reciprocal relations bearing his name, which are fundamental for the
thermodynamics of irreversible processes.
28
b. 1902 Maurice Arveson, authority on petroleum
technology.
? Announcement of first pure compound of berkelium (Bk,
97) based on work at University of California, Berkeley, 1962.
29
b. 1849 Georg E. E. Wagner, researcher in terpene
chemistry, permanganate hydroxylation of alkenes, & Wagner-Meerwein
rearrangements.
b. 1896 Kaj Ultrik Linderstrom-Lang, studied dynamics of proteins,
structure of enzymes and proteins.
b. 1936 Yuan T. Lee used specially designed mass spectrometer that
could separate & identify reaction products; Nobel Prize 
(1986) with Dudley R.
Herschbach & John C. Polanyi for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical
elementary processes.
b. 1947 Robert A. Swanson, cofounded Genentech, Inc. (1976), a research-based
company that pioneered the biotechnology 
industry with Herbert Boyer; developed technique for possibility of the transfer of
genes from one organism to another; Genentech began mass- producing their first
human protein by splicing a gene into bacteria; Genentech (1978) created first
drug produced by genetic engineering, human-type insulin and first company to
sell its own drug, human growth hormone.
? The Chemists' Club held its first meeting, 1898.
? Monsanto Chemical Works incorporated, 1901. Renamed
Monsanto Chemical Company, 1965.
30
b. 1761 Smithson Tennant discovered iridium (Ir, 77) 1803, & osmium (Os,
76) 1803; proved that diamonds are pure carbon.
b. 1915 Henry Taube, researcher in electron transfer reactions; Nobel
Prize (1983) for his 
work on the mechanisms of electron
transfer reactions, especially in metal complexes.
b. 1920 Bruno H. Zinn, research in DNA properties amd groundwork for
genomics; NAS.
? Monsanto Chemical Co., organized, 1901.
? Chlorotetracycline, a broad spectrum antibiotic,
isolated by B. M. Duggar, American Cyanamid Corporation, 1948.
? The first of
five communications in the Journal of the American Chemical Society(1965,
87, 395) by Robert B. Woodward and Roald Hoffman on how
stereochemical outcome of pericyclic reactions are governed by symmetry
properties was received on this date in 1964.