March

 

1

b. 1862 Edward Franklin, researcher in chemistry of nitrogen system of compounds.

 b. 1910 Archer J. P. Martin, Nobel Prize (1952) with Richard L. M. Synge

 for their invention of partition chromatography.

 

 

 

 

? John McLean, first professor of chemistry, Princeton, established first laboratory of chemistry 1771.

? Antoine-Henri Becquerel discovered radioactivity of uranite in pitchblende, 1896.

 

2

b. 1848 Philippe A. Barbier synthesized first organomagnesium compound.

b. 1886 H. Jermain Creighton, researcher in electro-organic chemistry; developed industrial process for electroreduction of glucose to sorbitol and mannitol.

 

 

 

 

3

b. 1709 Andreas S. Marggraf, isolated zinc from calamine; distinguished between potash & soda by flame test; found alumina in clay; discovered beet sugar in beetroot.

b. 1876 Gregory P. Baxter determined atomic weight of lead with C. P. Alter, 1935, which led to estimations of the age of minerals.

b. 1879 Elmer V. McCollum, researcher in nutrition & growth.

 

 

 

 

   b. 1918 Arthur Kornberg, researcher on the synthetic pathways by which nucleic acids are produced; Nobel Prize in Medicine      (1959) with Severo Ochoa for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and  

   deoxyribonucleic acid.

 

 

 

4

? Willard Libby, et al., first age determination by radiocarbon, 1947.

 

5

b. 1637 John van der Heyden invented fire extinguisher; He and his brother, Nicolaas, patented it on September 21, 1677.

 

 b. 1817 Jules Duboscq invented the first device for colorimetric quantitative analysis and pH measurements; Duboscq Colorimeter.

 

 

 

b. 1846 Edourd van Beneden discovered number of chromosomes was constant for a species in all cells except egg & sperm has one-half number.

 

 

 

 

b. 1893 Emmett J. Culligan founded the world?s largest water treatment organization as well as concept of water softening.§

 

 

 

 

6

b. 1787 Joseph von Fraunhofer discovered dark lines in solar spectrum (Fraunhofer lines).

 

 

 

 

 b. 1869 Aleksei E. Favorskii, researcher in the anionic rearrangements of acetylenes and a-haloketones.

 

 

 

 

? First report on Headspace Analysis was received as an abstract by R. N. Harger, E. G. Bridwell, and B. B. Raney (J. Biol. Chem. 1939, 128, xxxviii), 1939.

 

7

 

 b. 1788 Antoine-César Becquerel, first to use electrolysis to recover metals from ores, 1836; invented an electric thermometer.

 

 

 

 

b. 1792 John F. W. Herschel, inventor of photography on sensitized paper, introduced the terms, positive & negative for photography.

 

 

 

 

b. 1827 John H. Gladstone, researcher on refractive index of & relationship with density.

 

b. 1839 Ludwig Mond discovered Mond producer gas, nickel carbonyl & with J. Brunner founded company Brunner, Mond & Co that later became Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI); developed one of the first hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells.

 

 

 

b. 1857 Arthur Hantzsch, researcher in organic acids, electrical conductivity of organic compounds, sterochemistry of nitrogen compounds.

 

 

 

 

b. 1869 Ernst Julius Cohen, research on physical isomerism, tin allotropy, and stability of electrochemical cells; killed at Auschwitz.

 

8

b. 1839 James M. Crafts, researcher on production of artificial minerals, pyroelectric phenomena of crystals, ketones & aldehydes; synthesized benzene homologues (Friedel‑Crafts reaction).

b. 1879 Otto Hahn, discovered protactinium (Pa, 91) with L. Meitner; researcher on nuclear  fission with F. Strassman (1938); Nobel Prize (1944) the discovery of fission of heavy nuclei.

 

 

 

 

b. 1886 Edward C. Kendall isolated thyroxine, 1915; Nobel Prize in Medicine (1950) with Philip Hench & Tadeus Reichstein for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects.

 

 

 

 

b. 1889 Farrington Daniels, teacher of physical chemistry; pioneer in solar technology.

 

 

 

 

 

9

b. 1856 Edward G. Acheson, pioneer in development of electric furnace for production of SiC; prepared graphite lubricants‑Oildag, Aquadag & Gredag.

 

 

 

 b. 1912 Stanley G. Thompson codiscovered berkelium (Bk, 97), californium (Cf, 98) 1950, einsteinium (Es, 99) 1952, fermium (Fm, 100), & mendelevium (Md, 101) 1955.

 

 

 

 

b. 1923 Walter Kohn, developed density-functional theory, which makes it possible to study very large molecules; Nobel Prize (1998) with John A. Pople for his development of the density-functional theory

 

 

 

 

10

b. 1762 Jeremias B. Richter discovered the law of equivalent proportions; first to establish stoichiometry, the basis of quantitative chemical analysis.

 

 

 

 

b. 1851 William McMurtie, researcher on methods for converting sewage to fertilizer, American Chemical Society president.

 

11

 b. 1818 Henri E. Sainte-Claire Deville, first to prepare pure aluminum; discovered toluene, 1841; anhydrous nitrogen pentoxide, 1849.

 

 

 

? Cato M. Guldberg & Peter Waage presented their paper "Studier over Affiniteten" describing the Law of Mass Action to the Norwegian Academy of Sciences & Letters, 1864.

 

 

 

12

b. 1790 John F. Daniell invented the Daniell electrochemical cell, dew-point hygrometer, and pyrometer.

 

 

 

 

 b. 1824 Gustav R. Kirchhoff invented spectroscope with Robert Bunsen, 1859; discovered cesium (Cs, 55) 1860, & rubidium (Rb, 37) 1861, with Robert Bunsen; discovered that substances which emit radiation absorb the same type of radiation when cool (Kirchhoff's Law).

 

 

b. 1832 Charles Friedel, researcher on the synthesis of benzene homologues (Friedel‑Crafts reaction).

 

 

 

 

b. 1838 William H. Perkin discovered mauve, first aniline dye in his home laboratory, 1856; Perkin reaction for condensation of unsaturated aromatic acids; synthesized tartaric acid, 1861, with B. P. Duppa, & coumarin; elucidated relationship between tartaric, funaric & maleic acids.

 

 

b. 1891 Michael Polanyi, researcher on reaction kinetics & crystal structures.

b. 1902 Leslie G. S. Brooker, researcher in the chemistry of photography.

? James D. Watson, in a letter to Max Delbrück, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Cal., revealed the double helix structure for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), 1953.

 

13

 b. 1733 Joseph Priestley discovered oxygen (O, 8) 1774, ammonia, hydrochloric acid gas, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide & oxides of nitrogen; Priestley Medal, named in his honor is one of ACS highest honors.

 

14

b.1854 Paul Ehrlich, researcher in immunity & chemotherapy; discovered Salvarsan (No.  606) & neosalvarsan; improved laboratory staining methods; Nobel Prize in Medicine (1908) with Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov in recognition of their work on immunity.

 

 

 

 

b. 1860 Thomas L. Willson developed the electrothermal furnace; pioneer manufacturer of calcium carbide.

b. 1879 Albert Einstein, researcher on photochemical effect & theory of relativity; Nobel Prize Physics (1921) for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect.

b. 1931 Ronald C. D. Breslow, demonstrated antiaromaticity; invented artificial enzymes and electrochemical methods for carbon cation; President of the ACS.*

 

 

 

 

 

? Observation of first atom of element of hassium (Hs, 108) at GSI Laboratory, Darmstadt, 1984.

 

15

b. 1821 Johann Joseph Loschmidt, developer of the Loschmidt Number, the number of molecules in a cubic centimeter of gas and space‑filling formulas of numerous organic compounds.

 

 

 

16

b. 1666 Johann Conrad Barchusen, chemical lecturer at Utrecht University; analysis using fire; interpreted alchemical transmutation as a metallic substitution reactions.

b. 1834 Hermann W. Vogel invented the orthochromatic photographic plate, 1873; designed a photometer; researcher in spectroscopic photography.

 

17

b. 1803 Carl Löwig, one discoverer of bromine (Br, 35) 1826, "but because of exams did not publish a report, thereby allowing A. Balard to receive precedence of discovery".

 

 

 

 

18

b. 1900 Laueren B. Hitchcock, expert in chemistry of the environment.

 

19

b. 1883 Walter N. Haworth, synthesized ascorbic acid (Vitamin C), 1933; researcher on sugars & dextran as blood plasma substitute; Nobel Prize (1937) for vitamin synthesis, with Paul Karrer.

b. 1900 Frédéric J. Joliot (Joliot-Curie), Nobel Prize, (1935) with wife Irčne Joliot‑Curie, for production of artificial radioisotopes, 1933; proved experimentally that neutron emission occurs in nuclear fission with H. Halban & L. W. Kowarski.

b. 1943 Mario Molino, researcher in air pollution, particularly formation & destruction of ozone; Nobel Prize (1995) with Paul Crutzen & F. Sherwood Rowland for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone.

? The ten millionth CA Abstract was published in volume 100, issue number 12 of Chemical Abstracts, 1984.

 

20

b. 1735 Torbern Bergman, researcher on carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide & preparation of artificial mineral water.

b. 1834 Charles W. Eliot, teacher of chemistry, president of Harvard University.

b. 1879 Maude Leonora Menten, developed an equation (Michaelis-Menten) with Leonor Michaelis that relates the velocity of enzyme catalyzed reactions to the concentration of reactants

? Bausch & Lomb incorporated as Bausch & Lomb Co., 1908.

 

21

b. 1817 George W. Rains, chemistry teacher & Confederate Army chemist.

b. 1932 Walter Gilbert, researcher on the determination of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) base sequence; Nobel Prize (1980) with Paul Berg & Frederick Sanger for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids.

? Michael Tswett gave first description of his chromatographic method before the Warsaw Society of Natural Sciences, 1903.

 

22

b. 1788 Pierre J. Pelletier discovered quinine, strychnine & other alkaloids; obtained toluene by distilling pipe resin with Philip Walter, 1836.

b. 1868 Robert A. Millikan measured the charge/mass ratio of the electron; Nobel Prize in Physics (1923) ?for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect?.

 

23

 b. 1867 Charles L. Parsons, researcher on beryllium (Be, 4); obtained federal charter for ACS; helped establish Petroleum research Fund.*

 

 

 

 

b. 1881 Hermann Staudinger, researcher on the chemistry of macromolecular substances; Nobel Prize (1953) for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry.

 

 

 

? William Crookes identified new gas (isolated from air by William Ramsay) as helium (He, 2) that had been discovered in the Sun 27 years earlier by Norman Lockyer, 1895.

? Neil Bartlett made the first noble gas compound, XePtF₆, 1962.

 

24

 b. 1494 Georgius Agricola, "Father of Minerology"; described mining and mellurgical processes.

 

 

 

 

b. 1711 William Brownrigg, first to describe platinum & use of pneumatic trough for collection of gases.

 b. 1860 William Frear, researcher on beet sugar, cereals, culture of tobacco, soils, fertilizers; helped organize the first National Pure Food Congress.

 

 

 

 

 b. 1903 Adolf F. J. Butenandt, researcher on sex hormones; offered Nobel Prize (1939),

 for his work on sex hormones; declined on account of Nazi decree against foreign awards.

 

 

 

 

b. 1884 Peter Joseph William Debye, researcher in dipole moments and powder method of x-ray diffraction; Nobel Prize (1936) for his contributions to our knowledge of molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases.

 

 

b. 1917 John Kendrew, research on structure of hemoproteins with x-rays; Nobel Prize (1962) with Max Ferdinand Perutz for their studies of the structures of globular proteins

 

 

 

 

25

b. 1863 Simon Flexner, isolated common strain of dysentery bacillus, Shigella dysenteriae (1899); developed curative serum for cerebrospinal meningitis (1907).

 

 

 

 

26

b. 1753 Count Rumford (Benjamin Thompson) invented simple photometer; researcher in heat; demonstrated first law of thermodynamics; improved cooking & heating systems & animal breeding; married Antoine Lavoisier's widow.

 

 

 

 b. 1838 A. Crum Brown devised modern structural formulae, 1864; formulated rules for substitution in benzene derivatives named after him; researcher in theory of isomerism & organic compounds of sulfur.

 

 

 

 b. 1893 James B. Conant, researcher on acid-base catalysis and superacids; President of Harvard University

 

 

 

 

b. 1903 Ferdinand G. Brickwedde codiscovered deuterium, 1932, with Harold C. Urey & G. M. Murphy.

 b. 1911 Bernard Katz, Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology (1970) with J. Axelrod and U. Von Euler for discoveries concerning humoral transmittors in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation.

 

 

 

b. 1916 Christian Anfinsen, received the Nobel prize (1972) with Standford Moore and William Moore, for studies on the relationship of structural properties of proteins and biological functions, particularly ribonuclease.

 

 

 

27

b. 1824 Johann W. Hittorf, researcher in electrolysis of salt solutions, transport numbers, ion migrations, & electrical discharges in gases.

b. 1845 Wilhelm K. Röntgen discovered X-rays, 1895; Nobel Prize in Physics (1901) in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him; researcher in specific heats & heat conduction in crystals.

 

 

b. 1847 Otto Wallach, researcher on essential oils & terpenes; Nobel Prize (1910)

 in recognition of his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds. 1847-1931

 

 

 

b. 1861 Nikolai Y. Demjanov, researcher on decomposition of aliphatic diazonium ions, Demjanov-Tiffeneau rearrangement.

 

28

b. 1861 George C. Pond, chemistry teacher; preserver of the Priestley home in Pennsylvania.

? Glenn T. Seaborg, et al., showed that plutonium 239 undergoes fission by slow neutrons, leading to the plutonium bomb as a goal for the Manhattan Project, 1941.

 

29

b. 1769 Frederick C. Accum helped found the gas industry.

b. 1855 Konrad J. Bredt described first correct structure of camphor; Bredt's Rule for bicyclics.

b. 1871 Aleksi E. Chichibabin, researcher in nucleophilic alkylation and amination of pyridine.

b. 1883 Donald D. Van Slyke, pioneer in clinical chemistry.

b. 1898 Herrick L. Johnston, researcher on low temperature.

 

30

? Crawford W. Long first used ether as anesthetic, 1842.

 

31

b. 1801 Thomas Clark, authority on water purification; introduced calcium hydroxide for softening of water.

b. 1811 Robert Bunsen invented the spectroscope with Gustav Kirchhoff, 1859; discovered cesium (Cs, 55) 1860, & rubidium (Rb, 37) 1861; invented the Bunsen burner, filter pump, a galvanic battery, & with Henry E. Roscoe, the actinometer.

b. 1831 Archibald Scott Couper developed organic structural theory at the same time as August Kekule and was first to use bond lines for organic structures.

 

 

 

 

b. 1890 W. Lawrence Bragg, researcher in X‑ray & crystal structure; Nobel Prize in Physics (1915) with father, William H. Bragg for their services in the analyses of crystal structures by means of X-ray.