?
The first U. S. patent awarded was for a process for making potash, an
ingredient used in fertilizers, soap, and gunpowder and was issued to Samuel
Hopkins, born in Pittsford, VT, but residing in Philadelphia, PA, 1790. July
1
b. 1740 Müller von Reichenstein discovered tellurium (Te, 52) 1782.
b. 1813 Claude Bernard discovered glycogen, 1855; researcher on digestion of
food & formation of glycogen in the liver; demonstrated that digestion
begins in the stomach & continues in the intestine;
b. 1929 Gerald M. Edelman, researcher in structure of antibodies; Nobel Prize in
Physiology or Medicine with Rodney R. Porter for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of
antibodies (1972); "Father of
Experimental Medicine".
? J. T. Baker incorporated originally
as Vick Chemical, 1919.
? First nuclear rocket engine
successfully tested, 1959.
? Office of Standard Weights and
Measures became National Bureau of Standards, 1901; renamed National Institute
of Standards and Technology, 1988
2
b. 1909 Alexandre Zaitsev introduced rules about elimination of hydrogen halides
from alkyl haloanhydrides & water from alcohols; first synthesized
secondary alcohols.
b. 1862 William H. Bragg, researcher in x‑rays & crystal structure;
Nobel Prize in Physics (1915) with son, W. Lawrence Bragg for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by
means of X-rays. Died March 12, 1942.
? Fritz Haber demonstrated process of
nitrogen fixation to Badische Aniline und Soda‑Fabrik, 1909.
? Naval Research Laboratory founded as
the Naval Experimental and Research Laboratory, 1923.
3
b. 1876 Sergei S. Nametkin, researcher in terpene chemistry & rearrangement of
camphenes.
b. 1919 Samuel P. Massie, Jr., research on environmental agents; encouraged
disadvantaged students into science careers.
*
? Antoine-Jerome Balard announced
discovery of bromine (Br, 35) to Académie de Sciences, Paris, 1826.
4
b. 1888 Selman A. Waksman isolated streptomycin, 1943; Nobel Prize in Medicine
(1952) for his discovery of
streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis.
5
? Announcement of synthesis of vitamin
B1 by Robert R. Williams of Merck, Sharp & Dohme Researcher
Laboratories, 1936.
? American Cyanamid Company organized,
1907.
6
b. 1810 James C. Booth devised methods for refining gold‑silver bullion
at U. S. Mint, Philadelphia.
b. 1906 Vladimir Prelog, researcher on stereochemistry of organic molecules
& reactions; Nobel Prize (1975) for
his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions with John W. Cornforth for his work on the
stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions.
b. 1903 Axel Hugo Theodor Theorell, researched oxidation
enzymes; Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine (1955) for
his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes.
7
b. 1843
Camillo Golgi
researcher in structure of the nervous system; Nobel Prize (1906) in Physiology
or Medicine with Santiago Ramon y Cajal in
recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system. (added by ACS)
? Robert Goddard obtained patent for liquid fuel
rocket, Patent #1,102,653 liquid-fuel gun rocket, 1914. (Added by ACS)
8
? Jason Cardell reports in Science (1994) that interstellar abundances of the elements including thallium and lead are detected in interstellar gas.
9
? Ford Motor Co. incorporated, 1919.
10
b. 1879 Harry N. Holmes, crystallized Vitamin A.
b. 1902 Kurt Adler developed the diene synthesis; Nobel Prize (1950) with Otto P. H.
Diels for their discovery
and development of the diene synthesis (Diels-Alder
reaction).
11
b. 1811 William Robert Grove created forerunner of modern fuel cells (?gas voltaic
batter?). (added by ACS)
b. 1927 Theodore Harold Maiman, invented the first operable laser. (added by ACS)
12
b. 1635 Robert Hooke, researcher on the theory of gases & combustion.
b. 1810 Henri V. Regnault, researcher in thermometry, specific heats &
expansion of gases; found carbon tetrachloride.
b. 1813 Claude Bernard discovered glycogen (1855); researched the digestion of
food and the formation of glycogen in the liver; demonstrated that the
digestion of glycogen begins in the stomach and continues in the intestine.
b. 1853 Hendrik A. Lorentz, researcher in thermodynamics & kinetic theory;
explained the Zeeman effect; Nobel Prize in Physics (1902) with Pieter Zeeman in recognition of the extraordinary
service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon
radiation phenomena.
b. 1854 George Eastman invented Kodak & transparent film, Brownie camera,
1888, daylight loading film, 1891, & color film, 1928; manufacturer.*
b. 1861 George Washington Carver isolated & synthesized over 400 products from
peanuts & sweet potatoes.
b. 1928 Elias J. Corey, researcher in organic chemical synthesis &
computers in chemistry: Nobel Prize (1990) for
his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis.*
? Launching of first atomic powered
merchant ship, 1959.
? Discovery of xenon (Xe, 54) by
William Ramsay & Morris W. Travers, 1898.
13
b. 1826 Stanislao Cannizzaro convinced chemists of Avogadro's hypothesis; researcher
in organic chemistry producing benzyl alcohol & benzoic acid from
benzaldehyde.
14
b.1800 Jean-Baptiste A. Dumas, researcher on organic compounds; isolated methanol, 1834, & anthracene with
Peligot, 1831, from coal tar;
researcher on the composition of water & vapor density; made
accurate measurement of nitrogen in compounds (Dumas Method).
b. 1863 Paul Walden, researcher on electrical conductivity & electrolytic
dissociation; discovered Walden inversion. Died 1/22/1957.
b. 1921 Geoffrey Wilkinson research in transition metal complexes such as
carbonyls and olefin complexes, particularly compounds of ruthenium (Ru, 44),
rhodium (Rh, 45), & rhenium (Re, 75), in compounds of unsaturated
hydrocarbons & with metals to hydrogen bonds; metallocenes, complex hydrides, and mechanism of homogeneous
catalysis. Nobel Prize (1973) with E. O. Fischer for their pioneering work on
chemistry of organometallic "sandwich" compounds. (Additions by ACS).
15
b. 1887 Edward R. Weidlein invented hydrometallurgical processes for treatment of
low‑grade copper ores.
b. 1903 Jasper H. Kane developed mass production
processes for citric acid and antibiotics.
b. 1915 Albert Ghiorso, researcher in transuranic elements & codiscovered
americium (Am, 95), berkelium (Bk, 97), californium (Cf, 98), curium (Cm, 96),
einsteinium (Es, 99), fermium (Fm,100), hahnium (Ha,105), lawrencium (Lr,103),
mendelevium (Md,101), nobelium (No,102), rutherforduium (Rf,105), &
seaborgium (Sg,106).
b. 1921 Robert B. Merrifield developed solid-phase peptide synthesis; Nobel Prize
(1984) for his development
of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix. *
16
? Explosion of first atomic bomb at
Trinity Site, Alamogordo Air Force Base, New Mexico, 1945.
18
b. 1906 Allene R. Jeanes, researcher on dextran; developed a blood-expander;
first woman to win USDA Distinguished Service Award, 1953.
b. 1937 Roald Hoffmann applied molecular orbital theory to organic chemical
reactions with Robert B. Woodward (Woodward-Hoffmann Rules); Nobel Prize (1981)
with Kenichi Fukui for their
theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions.; Poet.*
b. 1948 Hartmut Michel determined 3-dimensional structure of
photosynthetic proteins; Nobel Prize (1988) with Johann Deisenhofer and Robert
Hubert for the determination
of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre.
19
b. 1910 Paul J. Flory researcher in physical chemistry of macromolecules;
Nobel Prize (1974) for his
fundamental achievements, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical
chemistry of the macromolecules. *
b. 1921 Rosalyn S. Yalow developed technique of radioinnunoassay. Nobel Prize in
Physiology (1977) for the
development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones. *
? Eleuthère I.Dupont began
construction, 1802, of a gunpowder factory, that became E. I. DuPont de
Neumours.
20
? Neil Armstrong said first words on lunar
soil "That's one small step for man,
one giant leap for mankind", 1969.
? James Woodhouse elected Professor of
"Chymistry", University of Pennsylvania, 1795.
21
b. 1891 John H. Northrop, researcher on purifying enzymes; discovered
fermentation process for manufacture of acetone; Nobel Prize (1946) with
Wendell M. Stanley & James B. Sumner for
their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form.
b. 1923 Rudolph A. Marcus, helped develop RRKM(Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus)
theory of unimolecular reactions; Nobel Prize (1992) for contributions to
theory of electron-transfer reactions.*
? Navy asks Thomas Edison to organize
keenest, most inventive minds to find defense against submarines, 1915.
22
b. 1853 Ernst Beckmann, discovered the rearrangement of oximes of ketones into
acid amides or anilides (Beckmann Molecular Transformation), 1886; invented
apparatus for the determination of boiling & freezing points of solutions.
b. 1888 Herbert S. Gasser, researcher on electrophysiology of nerves; Nobel Prize
in Medicine (1944) with E. Joseph Erlanger for
their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single
nerve fibres.
23
b. 1717 Joseph M. F. Lassone discovered carbon dioxide, 1776.
b. 1880 Emma P. Carr, researcher on ultraviolet spectra of hydrocarbons;
first recipient of ACS's Francis Garvan Medal, 1937.
24
b. 1843 William deW. Abney, researcher in photographic chemistry, color
photography & printing.
25
b. 1920 Rosalind Franklin, researcher in x-ray crystallography of deoxyribonucleic
acid (DNA).
? Colgate-Palmolive incorporated,
1923.
? The communication, Vicinal Proton
Coupling in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance by Martin Karplus (J. Am. Chem. Soc.,
1963, 85, 2870) that related molecular geometry to coupling
constants was received, 1963.
26
b. 1799 Isaac Babbitt, invented an anti-friction metal
(Babbitt Metal). d. 5/26/1862.
27
b. 1881 Hans Fischer, researcher on organic chemicals including hemin,
chlorophyll & porphyrins; Nobel Prize (1930) for
his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially
for his synthesis of haemin.
28
b. 1842 Albert Ladenburg synthesized coniine, piperidine, pyridine & other
compounds.
29
b. 1910 Heinz Frenkel-Conrat separated viral
RNA from protein and showed that RNA
was mthe active agent. (Added by ACS)
30
? The ship Charles of Antwerp
(Belgium) was first oil tanker (1869) carrying oil from the ?? to Europe.(Added
by ACS)
31
b. 1800 Friedrich Wöhler, researcher in isomerism; synthesized urea from
ammonium cyanate challenging the vitalistic theory that organic compounds can
be produced only by living organisms, 1828; isolated aluminum (Al,13) 1827,
& beryllium (Be,4) 1828; discovered calcium carbide & the preparation
of acetylene from it.
b. 1825 Wilhelm Beer discovered that absorption of light is related to
amount and length of absorbing material (Beer's Law).
b. 1827 Frederick A. Abel invented cordite with James Dewar; Abel Tester for
determination of flash‑point of petroleum.
b. 1918 Paul D. Boyer, Nobel Prize (1997) for elucidation of the enzymatic
mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), he shared
Nobel Prize (1997) with John E. Walker for
elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate
(ATP) and Jens C. Skou for the first
discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+, K+-ATPase.
?
The first U. S. patent awarded was for a process for making potash, an
ingredient used in fertilizers, soap, and gunpowder and was issued to Samuel
Hopkins, born in Pittsford, VT, but residing in Philadelphia, PA, 1790.