b. 1885
Georg von Hevesy, researcher in radioisotopes; discovered hafnium
(Hf, 72) 1923 with Dirk Coster; Nobel
Prize, (1943) for his work on the use of
isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes.August
1
b. 1817 Joseph H. Gilbert, researcher on nitrogen
fertilizers.
b. 1818 J. Lawrence Smith, researcher in toxicology
& mineralogical chemistry; Second President, ACS, 1877. Dec. 17, 1818 ??
b. 1885
Georg von Hevesy, researcher in radioisotopes; discovered hafnium
(Hf, 72) 1923 with Dirk Coster; Nobel
Prize, (1943) for his work on the use of
isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes.
b. 1897 Charles R. Harington,
researcher in biochemistry; synthesized thyroxine with George Barger.
b. 1921
George H. Büchi, researcher in organic photochemistry; determined
structure of 55 and syntheses of 75 complex natural products.
? US Atomic Energy Commission established, 1946.
? Centennial of Chemistry Celebration, Northumberland,
Pennsylvania, 1874.
2
b. 1776
Friedrich Stromeyer discovered cadmium (Cd, 48) 1817; analysis of
minerals.
b. 1788 Leopold Gmelin discovered potassium
ferricyanide (Gmelin's Salt), 1822, & other organic substances; test for
bile pigments; his Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie, 1819, is standard
reference work.
? Benjamin Rush, Professor of Chemistry, signs Declaration
of Independence, 1776.
? Albert Einstein sends letter to President Roosevelt
concerning military potential of atomic energy, 1939.
3
? Isaac Adams' patent on nickel plating issued, 1869.
? U.S. nuclear powered submarines, Nautilus & Skate,
cross under polar ice cap, 1958.
4
b. 1859 William Sutherland, research on relationship between
viscosity of gas and temperature using Sutherland Constant and dissolution
of strong electrolytes.
b. 1928 Jeanette Grasselli Brown,
researcher on vibrational spectroscopy; Garvan Medal (1985). ACS added.
? U. S. Department of Energy created, 1977. (ACS)
5
? Robert R. Williams & J. K. Cline synthesized vitamin B1,
1936.
? Exxon incorporated as Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey,
1882.
6
b. 1766 William H. Wollaston
discovered palladium (Pd, 46), 1803, & rhodium (Rh, 45), 1804; developed
method for making platinum (Pt, 78) malleable & produced platinum wire
1/10,000 cm in diameter.
b. 1881
Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin, 1929; Nobel Prize in Medicine
(1945) for the discovery of penicillin and
its curative effect in various infectious diseases with Ernst B.
Chain & Howard W. Florey.
7
b. 1853 Arthur Michael developed entropy-based
theory of organic reactions; Michael addition reaction.
? George C. Pimentel announced evidence of methane &
ammonia detected by Mariner 7 near Mars, 1969.
8
b. 1779 Benjamin Silliman, noted teacher; founder
& editor of American Journal of Science.
b. 1901 Ernest O. Lawrence built the
first cyclotron; Nobel Prize in Physics (1939) for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results
obtained with it, especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements.
b. 1902
Paul A. M. Dirac, researched relativistic quantum mechanics including
electron spin (Dirac equation); Nobel Prize in Physics with E. Schrödinger
(1933) for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory.
9
b. 1776 Amadeo Avogrado theorized that the number
of particles in any gas is always the same for equal volumes.
b.1896 Erich Armand Arthur Joseph
Hückel, developed the Hückel method of approximate molecular
orbital (MO) calculations on p-electron systems; developed Debye-Hückel theory
of electrolytic solutions with Peter Debye.
10
b. 1902
Arne W. K. Tiselius, researcher on electrophoresis & adsorption
analysis; Nobel Prize (1948) for his research
on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis, especially for his discoveries
concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins.
? Felix Hoffman improved manufacture of acetylsalicylic
acid, aspirin, for use in treatment of arthritis, 1897.
11
b. 1852 Harold B. Dixon, researcher on explosion
of gases & combustion.
b. 1905 Erwin Chargaff elucidated base pairing in
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), 1950 ‑ 53.
b. 1926 Aaron Klug developed crystallographic
electron-microscopic technique for elucidation of nucleic acid protein
complexes; Nobel Prize (1982) for
his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural
elucidation of biologically important nuclei acid-protein complexes.
? Bristol-Myers incorporated, 1933.
12
b. 1793
James Muspratt improved methods of manufacture of acids & other
chemicals.
b. 1887 Erwin Schrödinger, researcher in quantum
mechanics; formulated Schrödinger Wave Equation; Nobel Prize in Physics (1933)
with Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac for
the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory. (1887-1961).
.
13
b. 1872 Richard M. Willstätter studied
aliphatic amines and alkaloids; Nobel Prize (1915) for his researches on plant pigments, especially chlorophyll.
b. 1912 Salvador Luria, researcher on microbal
genetics, Nobel Prize (1969) with Max
Delbrűck and Alfred D. Hershey for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the
genetic structure of viruses.
b. 1918
Frederick Sanger, researcher on structure of proteins & insulin;
base sequences of nucleic acids; Nobel Prize (1958) for his work on the structure of proteins, especially
that of insulin and (1980) with W. Gilbert for their contributions concerning the determination
of base sequences in nucleic acids and Paul Berg for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with
particular regard to recombinant-DNA.
? Olin incorporated as Mathieson Alkali Works, 1892.
14
b. 1777 Hans C. Oersted, first to isolate
aluminum; pioneering studies in electromagnetism.
b. 1933
Richard R. Ernst,
NMR development; Nobel Prize (1991) for his
contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear
magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. (ACS)
15
b. 1842 William A. Tilden, researcher on organic bases,
alkaloids, & specific heats of elements.
b. 1875 Charles A. Kraus, researcher on
electrolytes.
b. 1896 Gerty T. Cori discovered how glycogen is
catalytically converted; Nobel Prize in Medicine (1947) with husband, Carl F.
Cori for their discovery of the course of
the catalytic conversion of glycogen and Bernardo A. Houssay for his discovery of the part played by the hormone
of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar.
b. 1919 Arthur W. Adamson, researcher in photochemistry of coordination
chemistry and surface chemistry; ?Father of inorganic photochemistry?. (d.
7/22/04)
16
b. 1845 Gabriel Lippmann, developer of capillary
electrometer; general theory of his process for the photographic reproduction
of color; Nobel Prize in Physics (1908) for
his method of reproducing colors photographically based on the phenomenon of
interference.
b. 1904 Wendell M. Stanley, researcher on chemical
nature of viruses; crystallized tobacco mosaic virus; Nobel prize (1946) with
John H. Northrop for their preparation of
enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form and James B. Sumner for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized.
17
b. 1893 Walter K. F. Noddack co‑discovered
rhenium (Re, 75), 1925, with his wife, Ida E. Noddack & O. Berg.
? Aldrich Chemical Co. established 1951 by Alfred Bader, which later became part of
Sigma-Aldrich Corporation.
18
? The manuscript, ?The determination of Enzyme Dissociation Constants?, by Hans Lineweaver and Dean Burk was received by the Journal of the American Chemical Society on this date, 1933.
? Hewlett Packard incorporated, 1947.
19
b. 1745 Johan G. Gahn discovered & isolated
manganese (Mn, 25) 1774; discovered phosphoric acid in bones with Karl W.
Scheele, 1770.
b. 1830
Lothar Meyer developed periodic table independently of Dimitri Mendeleev
at same time, 1869; showed the dependence of atomic volume on atomic weight,
1870.
20
b. 1779 Jöns Jacob Berzelius
discovered selenium (Se, 48) 1817, silicon (Si, 14) 1817, & thorium (Th, 90)
1828; introduced name halogen; represented elements by initial letter(s);
introduced allotropy, catalytic action & isomerism; used Dalton's atomic
theory & composed the first accurate table of atomic weights.
? B. B. Cunningham & L. B. Werner isolated first
macroscopic amount of plutonium (Pu, 94) at wartime Metallurgical Laboratory,
University of Chicago, 1942.
21
b. 1813 Jean S. Stas developed methods for
determination of atomic weights & analysis;
His aim to prove the hypothesis of Prout, that all atoms
were conglomerations of hydrogen atoms, could not become achieved; he and Dumas determined
the atomic weight of carbon. 
b. 1816 Charles F. Gerhardt,
researcher on theories of homologous series.
b. 1882
Warren K. Lewis, researcher in thermal properties of materials &
colloids; MIT chemical engineer.
22
b. 1868 Willis R. Whitney, Director of GE research
laboratories.
23
b. 1887 Bradley Dewey, "Czar" of synthetic
rubber production in WW II.
b. 1933 Robert F. Curl, Jr., researcher in microwave
and infrared spectroscopy; Nobel prize (1996) with Harold W. Kroto and Richard
E. Smalley for their discovery of fullerenes.
(ACS)
24
b. 1895 Morris S. Kharasch developed synthetic applications
of free radical chemistry.
? PPG Industries incorporated 1883.
25
b. 1812 Nicolai N. Zinin discovered reduction of
aromatic nitro compounds to amines, 1842, & benzidine rearrangement;
founded and was first president of Russian Chemical Society, 1868-77.
b. 1900 Hans A. Krebs discovered the urea cycle, 1932,
citric acid cycle or Krebs Cycle, 1937, & the glyoxylate cycle, 1957; Nobel
Prize in Medicine (1953) for his discovery
of the citric acid cycle with Fritz Albert Lipmann for
his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism.
b. 1916 Frederick C. Robbins,
researcher on growth of viruses in tissue culture; Nobel Prize in Medicine
(1954) with John F. Enders & Thomas H. Weller for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in
cultures of various types of tissue.
26
b. 1743
Antoine L. Lavoisier, "founder of modern chemistry"; stated the
law of conservation of matter; determined the composition of nitric &
sulfuric acids; made 'water‑gas'; invented the gasometer; introduced new
chemical nomenclature. In the picture, there is his wife and collaborator,
Marie-Anne Pierrette Paulze,
? Texaco incorporated as The Texas Corp., 1926.
27
b. 1874
Carl Bosch, commercial production of ammonia; Nobel Prize (1931) with
Friedrich Bergius in recognition of their
contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure
methods.
b. 1913
Martin Kamen, codiscoverer of carbon-14 with Samuel Rubin (1940).
? Edwin Drake discovered petroleum in Pennsylvania, 1859.
28
b. 1878 George H. Whipple, researcher on pernicious
anemia & diabetes; Nobel Prize in Medicine (1934) with George R. Minot
& William P. Murphy for their
discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia.
29
b. 1834 Hermann J. P. Sprengel,
researcher in discharge tubes, invented vacuum pump.
? Observation of first atom of element 109 at GSI
Laboratory, Darmstadt, 1982.
30
b. 1852
Jacobus H. van't Hoff, researcher in physical chemistry of reaction
velocity, thermodynamics, theory of dilute solutions & osmotic pressure;
proposed the tetrahedral carbon, 1874; first Nobel Prize in chemistry (1901) in recognition of the extraordinary services he has
rendered by the discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure
in solutions
b. 1871
Ernest Rutherford formulated theory of radioactive decay, 1903;
discovered the atomic nucleus, 1911; made first nuclear transmutation, 1919;
Nobel Prize (1908) for his investigations into the disintegration of the
elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances.
b. 1884
Theodor Svedberg, researcher on ultracentrifuge for determining
molecular weights & sizes of proteins; Nobel Prize (1926) for his work on
disperse systems.
31
b. 1786 Michel E. Chevreul, researcher on dyes &
physics of color; discovered stearin & margarine; lived to 100.
b. 1887 Frederick A. Paneth,
researcher on age of rocks by measuring helium formed.